Subject, Education, Truth :: Philosophy Papers

Subject, Education, Truth Two processes develop in human culture and society that implicate each other. The first is, according to Hegel, the development of universal experience and knowledge in any individual since individuals are never born complete as what they are supposed to be. The second is the subjectivization of the universal experience and knowledge into unique and singular forms of the self and self-consciousness. An analysis of these two processes in the history of philosophy has revealed the interconnections between the cognizing subject, truth and education and paideia. A hermeneutical principle of "self-care" that develops the skill of ruling and caring for others represents one of the traditions that includes these features in unity and determines a type of paideia. This principle is developed by Socratic, Platonic, Epicurean and Stoic morality, and was actualized by Descartes in his movement to the cogito. "Self-care" was considered in the 17th century as a condition of acquiring scientific k nowledge; later, however, it was labeled as egotism and individualism and replaced by self-cognition. Foucault gives proof of the necessity to revive the "self-care" principle in its initial sense as a foundation of the modern hermeneutical conception of upbringing. Hence, the role of philosophy as "an adviser" or "tutor" is to be revived in the process. How should I change my "self" to gain access to the truth? M. Foucault Hegel treats education as the alienation of natural Being and individual rising to universality, thus he correspondingly understands the person as "self" and as the subject of education. Subjectivity is here the definiteness of the universal. Aimed to freedom, it is able to unfold itself in culture and history, to develop itself on the basis of "the spirit and heart principle" to the extent of subjectivity, to the extent of judicial, moral, religious and scientific activity. It exhibits itself in active entity, internal activity and processuality as "inter-subjective" activity that develops in culture and history. The self-educating subjectivity becomes the highest universality, concrete Being of the universal, an individualisation of its content. In culture and society there develop two processes that meet each other. The first one, according to Hegel, is coming of a person to the universal experience and knowledge, because a person is never born the one s/he has to be. The second i s subjectivization of the universal experience and knowledge into unique and singular forms of the self and self-consciousness. Looking at education from these two points of view allows one to reveal hermeneutic meanings of education.

How is mother essential to the development of the plot in All My Sons by Arthur Miller? Essay

Mother is essential to the development of the plot because her role in the family and her interests make up the key elements of the story. The fact that she is the only obstacle between the family and forgetting about Larry’s death is one of the main catalysts leading up to the ending. She refuses to give up on Larry, which shows her desperation and love for her son. Miller does not address her by her real name, but instead as â€Å"mother†, giving her an undeniable mother figure. This suggests that Kate is the link in the family that cannot be broken. If she falls apart, so does the family. During the play’s first few minutes, Keller says â€Å"I’m just waiting for her to see it† which shows that he is already anticipating the outcome. His short and confident words show his certainty about the outcome. On the other hand, it could also be said that Keller has been desensitised to Kate’s reactions to things related to Larry. Mother also interrupts long tensions between characters and changes the subject abruptly in order to avoid a conflict. For example, when the subject of Larry’s tree casually comes up in conversation, Mother instantly ‘presses her hand to top of her head’ and says â€Å"I’ve got such a funny pain on the top of the head†, which diverts all attention to her and her head. Chris replies with â€Å"Can I get you an aspirin?† which shows Mother’s importance in the family, and how she must not fall as all other family members will also fall. This is also apparent at the end of the play, when the realisation first hits Mother and then has a knock-on effect on Joe Keller. When Mother reads the letter, â€Å"Anne goes quickly to Mother, takes the letter from her hand and starts for Chris. Mother instantly rushes to intercept her.† These stage directions show Mother’s desperation to keep order. This emphasises the nuclear family idea which was apparent during World War II in America, where the father was to pay take care of the physical aspects of family (house, money and family business) and the mother was to take care of the emotional aspect (relationships, problems and keeping things ‘clean’ and ‘tidy’) . It could also be said that Mother causes all these problems herself rather than being an innocent bystander, because she often takes the lead by telling other members of her family what to do. Mother can also be seen to live in her imagination. At one point, she ‘raises her arm over the audience’ and says, â€Å"Remember the way he used to fly low past the house when he was in training?† Her body language emphasises the emotion that she feels while she speaks. Larry is said to â€Å"fly low past the house† which shows the comfort that she feels when Larry is close to her. It could also be said that Mother feels overprotective of Larry and cannot deal with his loss. In conclusion, Mother is crucial in the development of the plot because of her placement in the family and her evasive nature. She wants to keep her family together, which is why she cannot deal with any disruption of this norm.

We Can Stop Global Warming Essay - 1738 Words

Earth, home of billions of people and thousands of different animal species, under goes changes every night and every day. Some changes take years to be noticeable and others can be noticed right away. Climatic warming, also known as global warming has been causing changes that Earth and its inhabitants have been dealing with over the years. Climatic/global warming is the average temperature of Earths near-surface air and ocean over a period of time. Earth is similar to a green house because a green house traps the radiation of the sun and helps the plants grow, and Earth contains gases called greenhouse gases that create a â€Å"blanket† and trap the radiation and the heat given out by the sun. What happens when too much heat is being trapped†¦show more content†¦Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases (together 1%) are the greenhouse gases that make up the earth’s atmosphere. The green house effect is the process that aids i n heating the Earth. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane are able to change the balance of the Earth’s heat by absorbing the long wave radiation. Though this gases balance out the heat preservation, when there is a lot of this gases too much heat is absorbed causing temperatures to rise. Figure F-1 in Appendix A, shows that the sun releases radiations and most of it is absorbed by the earth’s surface, but some is reflected back to atmosphere. Some of the infrared radiation in re-emitted by the greenhouse gases this causes (1) warming of the earth’s surface and (2) lowering of the atmosphere. Human, their actions, and their creations are what are killing our own planet. People need to understand that the causes for the dramatic increase of temperature are their own fault. Carbon dioxide released from fossil fuels is one of the most significant causes of global warming. Whether it be a car, airplane, or train, carbon dioxide is being released as a result of making the machine work. Disforestation, excessively cutting of trees, is also causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to increase. As we know, plants release the oxygen needed in order for animals and plant to survive. Trees areShow MoreRelated We Can Stop Global Warming Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesWe Can Stop Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowadays, the earth is presenting drastic changes. There are different factors that have influenced to provoke these changes. The man is one if not the main responsible. With the modern world and its speed in which life is developed everyday, the man may not sometimes think of a long-term harm that is provoking. It has been recognized that human activity is slowly increasing the atmospheric concentration of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effectRead More We Can Stop Global Warming Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesof the current global warming crisis. 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